San Jacopo silver altar
The Cathedral of San Zeno in Pistoia is home to a silver masterpiece made over 200 years
The silver San Jacopo altar is located in the Cathedral of San Zeno in Pistoia, inside the Chapel of the Crocifisso, or Giudizio. This impressive work was made between 1287 and 1456 by the hands of some of the best artisans and artists of the era. Its construction is closely tied to the adoption of St. James the Apostle as the patron saint of the city in the 12th century thanks to bishop Atto. Several events delayed its completion, but the finishing touches were finally added two centuries later, becoming a wondrous summary of sacred art by various artists representing different historical periods.
The worship of St. James the Apostle - or James, also known as Jacopo or Iacopo and one of the twelve apostles - was introduced to the little Tuscan town in 1145, when Vallombrosian Bishop Atto took the only existing relic of the Saint in Italy, namely a fragment of his skull, there. Today, it is kept inside the monumental reliquary of St. James, created in 1407 by sculptor and painter Lorenzo Ghiberti. It was in function of this relic that the silver altar was commissioned. For Pistoia, which thus became a crossroads for pilgrimages to Galicia, it meant the opening up of international horizons and flourishing cultural growth.
The original core of the altar was the silver altarpiece made in 1287 depicting the Twelve Apostles. In 1316, Andrea di Jacopo d'Ognabene was charged with making a new panel comprising 15 scenes. The large silver statue of St. James Enthroned by Giglio Pisano was added in 1349, and in 1361, the sides of the altar were enlarged. The left side was finished in 1364 by Florentine goldsmiths Francesco Niccolai and Leonardo di San Giovanni, while the right side vaunts nine scenes from the life of St. James cast by Leonardo di San Giovanni.
In 1386, the goldsmith Piero d'Arrigo Tedesco worked on the altar, while in 1394-1398, the painter Giovanni di Bartolomeo Cristiani designed the cornice of the reredos, cast by the Florentine goldsmith Nofri di Buto and Atto di Piero Braccini from Pistoia.
In the 15th century, the workshop of Lunardo di Mazzeo and Piero di Giovanni da Pistoia worked on the altar, including a young Filippo Brunelleschi, who is said to have sculpted the busts of the prophets Jeremiah and Isaiah, St. Augustine and St. John the Evangelist. Niccolò di Ser Guglielmo, Domenico da Imola and Piero d'Antonio da Pisa ultimately finished the altar.
